Yuendumu

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The aboriginal town of Yuendumu is well known, between its brawls and occasional riot, for its art centre. As with almost every service or organisation in the community, which appear to be run exclusively by white people and makes the town seem (to an outsider’s eye) divided into white providers and aboriginal users, this art centre employs young white Australians and welcomes volunteers from around the world. They need as many workers as possible because the scale of production is practically industrial. Anyone in the community can come and paint, and on the whole it seems to be a way to earn money rather than the practice of a traditional culture. The works are usually traditional, depicting a story or dreaming from the land around, yet sometimes it is the non-indigenous staff who teach the aboriginal artists how to paint a particular image. It is an intriguing collaboration and meeting of cultures, and often seems driven entirely towards economic success. And they are very successful: every day we sent paintings off across the world.

In the week I spent there, we primed and prepared canvases, made up pots of paint, tagged and unpicked paintings, processed artworks, and tidied the gallery, all day long. But much of the work was fetching cups of tea for the artists, handing out sandwiches, moving pots of water and cushions for them, or microwaving their lunch. I felt uncomfortable doing a lot of this: was this demanding behaviour an expression of long overdue entitlement, or laziness, dependence, or even resentment? There were big cultural differences on every level, even between our western expectations of politeness and friendliness, and aboriginal ways of communicating and socializing. But my time here was too fleeting to get to know people, to go beyond superficial encounters and cautious eyes. It was, nevertheless, an extraordinary and rewarding week, and among the most magical, dramatic and strangest I’ve ever experienced.

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Next door to the art centre lived an ancient lady called Rosie. She was frail and thin with wild white hair, and would stand at the fence watching us. One afternoon she beckoned me over, gripping the fence tightly, peering through the wires, and pointed upwards towards the branches. She told me to listen, and we stood there looking at each other and listening to the birds over the barking of dogs and music from a distant radio: ‘baby bird… there… not that one – that one… baby bird – there… there…’

The first night I arrived, I was taken to visit her by Juliana, a Columbian woman who had an amazing skill for getting on with everyone. It was dark and Rosie was sitting outside her house on a metal box. Inside I saw bare painted concrete walls and no furniture besides the metal sink. Around her neck was a necklace of seeds and a big wooden cross. She started talking, moving between English and Walpiri, telling us about her old land, the missionaries, and the family that had left her. She wanted us to know the Walpiri words for everything and kept translating for us. ‘I’ll give you a skin name’ she said to me. ‘Naparrula’. There are 16 skin names, and they form a very complex system for determining who you can marry.

Rosie talked and talked and talked, with her sandwich uneaten in her hand. We tried to get her to eat, but no matter how much she insisted ‘I’m hungry’, the sandwich lay uneaten in her hand. She wouldn’t let us go. She grabbed hold of Juliana’s wrist with one hand and her breast with the other. ‘Lampurna, lampurna’, she repeated, taking hold of her own breast. ‘Milk, same word. We all women, black and white’. As we tugged away, Rosie pulled Juliana’s wrist harder and looked up. Her hollow face was lit on one side as though in a film. ‘Pray for me’, she croaked. She looked up at us, and let us go.

It was the older women who were the most open and generous. Dorothy was a healer, and she took us hunting for bush tucker. Inthe evenings we drove around in the art centre’s ex-army land rovers, whose wooden benches in the back were cushioned only by the dogs that piled in with us. Off the roads, we started wandering through the bush. We looked for shells of insects underneath bushes, and started digging among the roots of the wittchety bush for grubs. We searched the vines in trees for the elusive green fruit of the bush banana. Suddenly, walking past one big tree we bumped right into gnarled pale grey balls hanging from the branches: bush coconuts. If you crack open the coconut there is a large sweet juicy worm you can suck out, some pink fly eggs (a bit of extra fibre), and the hard white flesh of the coconut which is slightly bitter.

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Another day, while we were working in the gallery, a wailing started next door. Someone was crying. Within seconds others started joining in, shrieking and moaning, hugging each other, shaking hands, tears flowing freely. Painting immediately stopped and everyone got up to join the crying for the rest of the day. That afternoon the sounds of wailing and moaning gave the town a haunted atmosphere. A few days later, as we drove out of town, we passed a sorry camp: a collection of mattresses lying outside on the sand where people were sleeping.

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Among the volunteers at the art centre was an Irish ceramicist. It was suggested we go out and find some clay to have a pottery class, so, taking Dorothy with us, we drove to a dried out creek and started digging in the hard earth. We suddenly stopped. Dorothy was looking very uncomfortable. You cannot remove stones from the ground because they are sacred, but you can take away earth. We weren’t sure about clay. Nor was she, it seemed. Although she said it was alright, there was something uncomfortable about the whole thing. But we took the lumps of clay, soaked, strained and dried it out, and ended up with a beautiful reddish brown clay. The plan was to fire it outside in a bonfire the following week, so I’ll have to wait and see how it went.

The town itself was dusty and dirty but had a great sense of community. Passers by would engage you in conversation, even if their dogs weren’t quite as friendly. Every time we walked out our gates and barbed wire fences we would be accompanied by at least three dogs, who essentially protected us from unwanted attention. The dogs went everywhere, even into the old Baptist church with its beautiful paintings and strange faith which combined Christianity and dreamtime. They sat on the paintings which had just been sold for thousands of dollars. They took me through the bush at sunrise, seemingly aware of the traditional belief that if you don’t ask for permission, you get lost. They fought in the dust as we lay on the dirt by a bonfire, stargazing. They had their parties while we had ours, revelling in the illicit pleasure of alcohol in one of the few houses with an alcohol permit. There was Ben the dingo, the most graceful and fastest dog of them all, Rosie, who was unaware of how fat she was and would knock you over in eagerness, and Daisie, who couldn’t go five minutes without a cuddle.  And there was Blackie, Kira, Ziggy, Raya, Plummie…

I wish I’d had more time to get to know people, to get to know the culture, to learn Walpiri, to understand the stories of dreamtime in the paintings and the landscape. But it would take more than a lifetime.

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Mt Dennison

The Red Centre. The Outback. The Central Desert Region. Vast horizons, cloudless skies and never-ending straight roads draw me here. I want to know what life there can be in such an inhospitable environment. Heading north west out of Alice Springs, towards the Tanami Desert and the vastness of Western Australia, is the small aboriginal town of Yuendumu. Most of the remote communities in the Northern Territory are serviced by an amazing bus service called the Bush Bus, which acts as a kind of motorized walkabout for locals who don’t have the 4x4s of cattle stations or the government. On the bus I stuck out as the only white passenger, repeatedly questioned about where I was going and who I was seeing, though I could barely understand the broken English which intermingled with indigenous languages. Along the way we stopped off in Yuelamu, a closed community off the main road, and it was the first time I’d been in a fully aboriginal town. There are only about 100 residents, and you need a permit to access the land, but there was a lot of activity: people wandering along barefoot, driving their suburban cars along dusty red roads (I wondered how they’d managed to bring those cars here), children playing in an old playground strewn with cans, plastic bags and blankets. Women came out to greet the bus with their babies. It felt a quiet place, remote and yet somehow crowded.

35km from Yuendumu is Mt Dennison, a cattle station 300km north west of Alice Springs. The station is 3000 square kilometres – 60km between the furthest points, or a one hour drive across – and says it has 5000 cattle. It was hot. I was shown to my own little house, which had no air conditioning and was even hotter. The bathroom was infested with frogs and the peeling walls, broken cupboards, patched lino floors, mismatched bedding, everything, was covered in gecko droppings. I tried to use the toilet in another volunteer’s bathroom, but it stood at a 45 degree angle and there was a big hole in the floor, so I simply had to make friends with the frogs – I would get no sympathy here. The next morning our electricity wouldn’t come on. ‘Welcome to the outback’ said Dianne.

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Dianne runs this family cattle station, but she is widowed and her six children have left home so she now manages the place alone, helped only by one employee and an uneven trickle of volunteers. I asked if she felt isolated here. ‘No, the bitumen extends almost all the way to Yuendumu! And it’s only three hours to Alice.’ These distances are starting to seem small even to me.

Breakfast was at 6.30am and work started at 7am. Every morning we had a beautiful sunrise over the fields of long grass, and as soon as the sun was up, work began. In these semi-desert conditions, watering the garden was a major job. They’d had a lot of rain over the summer, but nothing for the last month. I managed eight hoses simultaneously, flooding each plant and tree for up to 20 minutes each. But weeding was wonderfully easy in the sandy soil. By 11am it was too hot for me to work outside: on several occasion the (admittedly not terribly reliable) thermometer read 44 degrees – and it was always hotter inside my room… I could have watered the plants with my sweat by that point. My pale Tasmanian skin gave me an excuse to go inside.

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I cooked for the boys and cleaned the decaying homestead. From the garden at this time of the year we had an endless supply of chillis, lemons and limes, while the various cool rooms were piled high with crates of milk, apples, butter, peppers and beer. The freezers were filled with steaks, salted beef, stewing beef and sausages, and the pantry was so well stocked it would rival any shop. Housework here was not simply about appearances or creating a pleasant living environment, but was a matter of safety. Poisonous spiders were allowed to live over the barbecue, but not underneath chairs or on the hat stand. Centipedes in the house had to be crushed and disposed of. Grass was a fire hazard and had to be cut.

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I was surprised that I actually saw any cattle at all. They live completely independently, partly due to the nature of the land and partly because a lot of work simply hasn’t and isn’t being done. Many of the fences have collapsed, meaning the cattle can’t be managed and simply roam free alongside the wild horses. The exceptions to this were the ones who were hand reared as calves and now choose to spend the rest of their lives around the homestead. It was my job every evening to make up the powdered milk and feed the calves using an old beer bottle. They were aggressive and fought for the bottle, head-butting each other and me, stamping on my feet and trying to wedge themselves between my legs or between me and whichever calf I was trying to feed. But by the end I realised that if I stuck my fingers into their mouths, they would suck on them and keep quiet (while cutting off most of the blood from my fingers). It was very cute to watch.

The actual number of cattle, I was told by the one man employed there, was probably closer to 12,000 than 5,000. He was aboriginal (and ‘becomes more and more blackfella the older he gets’) and spoke a beautiful type of rippling, fluid English I’ve never heard before – real Australian slang as only aboriginal people seem able to master with complete dexterity. Even the simplest affirmative answer had to be extended to ‘Yeah bloody eh’. He had incredible stories of the old musters on horseback, sleeping in swags, roaring up fires for hot baths, living on dampers and camp cakes. He taught me about fencing, road building, paddocks, traps, types of cattle, or how to use animal tracks to find water in the outback. When he and Dianne chatted during smokos, I could just about follow, but dinner conversation was beyond me – I just sat back and enjoyed the sound of their speech.

My favourite times were when we went driving across the station. Going to the tip was like going on a journey through time, from rusting cars from the 1950s to typewriters with clumps of grass growing through the keys, collections of washing machines, mountains of tyres, and pile after pile of metal poles, wheels, screws – anything you needed could be found there. We drove to where the roads and fences were being rebuilt, where herds of wild horses galloped past in clouds of dust and cattle scattered in terror as though they’d never seen such monsters before. Three of us squeezed into the front seat of a truck to go and see a dam, which we found by turning off the road at some unmarked but apparently significant point and driving right over bushes, trees and broken fence lines. I hadn’t expected the landscape to be so beautiful and to have so much character.

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I loved living and working here so much. I loved the heat and being spoilt for sunrises, sunsets and the majestic Milky Way every single day. I loved getting up early and working hard, showering several times a day under water that refused to turn cold in a vain attempt to cleanse myself of red dirt. I loved the afternoons spent inside the cool homestead, drinking icy lime sodas, being domestic or doing patchwork, and listening to a calm Englishman’s voice reading Smiley’s People, while outside in the sweltering heat the grasshoppers and lizards and cockatoos carry on living, just as they always have.

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Adelaide

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Mad March is the time to be in Adelaide! It’s the end of summer, the heat is easing off, the crowds are out and everything is ON. There’s the Festival proper, things high brow and serious, and the Fringe, and then there are all the other events – in just the 5 days I was there we had Clipsal (car racing which drowns out the opera) and Writers’ week. But it’s the Fringe that dominates, with venues like the tantalizingly-named Garden of Unearthly Delights and (slightly more peculiarly named, and a little less exciting) Royal Croquet Club. Giants on unicycles and glittery women in tutus desperately flyered, vouchers for free champagne were thrust into our hands, and the beautiful coolness of evening was accompanied by twinkling lights in the trees.

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So, the best thing (and sadly, if I’m honest, only thing) that I saw: Djuki Mala. The aboriginal Youtube dance sensation. It started with traditional dancing, what looked like an imitation of animals and hunting with spears. The audience clapped politely with a slight air of disappointment, until all of a sudden bright lights came on, the music changed and the dancing became frenetic. We now had Singin’ in the Rain and Michael Jackson. The audience cheered wildly – this was what everyone came for. The dance was a mash of as many styles as possible: hip hop, break dance, tap, techno, aboriginal, and all sorts of other things. They looked like they were having so much fun. One of the dancers had his tongue stuck out the whole time and looked totally mad. In between dances were videos from Arnhem Land describing the stories of the group. The whole performance was funny, exuberant, energetic, feel good entertainment.

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The other really fun thing was a virtual reality arcade: I sat on a stool wearing goggles and travelled on rollercoasters, took part in a seance and got stabbed in the eye, saw a blue whale swim right past, and was eaten by a spooky black ghost.  It was completely immersive and tiring, but if this is the future of cinema, bring it on!

There’s so much to see, and I do enjoy things for free – but I wish I had money to do more things.

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Tongariro and the North Island

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Given that three quarters of New Zealand’s population live on the north island, hitchhiking here is – if it’s possible to believe – even easier than on the south island. I set off from a suburb outside Wellington and was picked up before I’d even stuck my thumb out by a man bearing a grudge against the English for stealing his girlfriend thirty years ago (she preferred Chiswick over him). He asked me to give the place a good kicking from him.

Several rides later I was left standing in a particularly awkward spot, and a car pulled over thinking I was going somewhere quite different. The driver, ‘CJ’, realised my problem and offered to drive me to a better spot. Then offered to go the long way round to her town. Then offered to take me all the way to the next town. And then offered to drive me right the way to my campsite. After half an hour we turned off onto a small gravel road, over a wooden bridge and into a beautifully lush, deserted camping ground. But CJ wasn’t happy leaving me there, and insisted she would pay for a hotel room for me. She was middle aged and absolutely tiny, so I thought I’d be alright accepting – and did so in a state of grateful disbelief. Back in Hunterville we found an old railway station which had been turned into a boutique hotel, and she paid for my room and breakfast. I felt so bad that I tried to thank her by buying her a drink, but she then bought dinner! We sat in the bar watching the farmers drink and looking at photos. She found the whole thing hilarious and a great adventure. There were three things in her life: horses, dogs, and planes (she worked at the flying school and knew them all). I suppose it was an adventure for her – and me.

So I spent a night in luxury! I was the only guest in the hotel and had everything to myself: the rooms and corridors with thickly carpeted floors, understated wallpaper and fluffy towels, the rose garden and a country kitchen downstairs. I couldn’t read behind the polite face of the owner – who knows what she was thinking.

Hunterville is the sort of place the army stops off at for 10 minutes to use the toilets. There were statues of sheep outside the town hall, the museum was only open on Friday afternoons, and the shop windows displayed posters for some sort of extreme man-dog festival.

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I carried on north, lured by the volcanoes of the Tongariro National Park. Mt Tongariro, Mt Ruapehu and the wonderfully unpronounceable Mt Ngauruhoe (aka Mt Doom in Lord of the Rings) are considered embodiments of ancestors and their stories by Maori. They are sacred, but were given to the government in the 19th century as a way of protecting them. Part of the park will soon return to management by the local iwi, but for now it’s just run like a national park (though one with dual world heritage status).

The volcanoes are still active and the last eruption was in 2012. Every evening during my walk we would sit down for a hut talk and be told what to do in case of sudden volcanic activity. There were maps dotted around highlighting the areas that have been affected by volcanoes in the past 27,000 years, meaning they are still hazard areas. But it was clear that, despite the enormous devastation of the landscape around us, everyone is desperate for an erruption. Flows of rocks and lava have created a kind of desert moonscape, leaving behind slopes of pumice and sulphuric streams. The scenery is dramatic enough to make it New Zealand’s most popular day hike, so it shouldn’t have been a surprise to pass walkers with Lord of the Rings music blaring out their phones while crossing these barren mountains, but it was.

We’d had the best long range weather forecast of the year and Mt Ngaurruhoe stood so close. I teamed up with a Belgian and a Swiss girl to walk, and talked to a ranger about how best to climb the volcano. It was a steep two hour climb up a 45 degree ridge of rocks, and by the time we got to the top we were in cloud. But we could still sit on the bright red rock and peer inside the volcano to see the crater. It was all solid and stable, but felt incredibly alive.

The descent felt even more alive. Skating down the scree was fun, without a doubt, but dangerous, especially when there were other people below. Each footfall would dislodge hundreds of small rocks, but it was the big rocks I hadn’t prepared myself for. I watched a large stone slip so slowly, willing and not quite believing it would carry on. But it sped up and suddenly the rock was tumbling down and everyone was screaming out to people below, who leaped out of its way. Seconds later the rock had disappeared somewhere out of sight. But one of the men who had jumped aside had fallen over, hitting his head on a rock and badly cutting his knee. I went to see if he was alright and made sure he got down safely, but nothing could get rid of the feelings of guilt and horror at having almost killed this man. It was one of the most terrifying moments I’ve had, watching the rock bounce down the mountain towards everyone. A reminder of how dangerous mountains are, even on the best of days. And what happens if you climb a mountain that is so sacred to local Maori that some won’t even look at it.

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A few days later, still recovering from the drama and intensity of the volcanic landscape, I was walking alongside the highway, trying to behead as many flowers as possible because I’d stupidly headed away from the nearest town and there wasn’t a single lay-by to start hitchiking. I was cursing myself, but had a feeling that such bad luck would pay off soon.

Sure enough, when I eventually found a suitable spot I was picked up in under a minute. Soon afterwards, just as I was waving goodbye to the driver, and turning the wave into an out-turned thumb, a van immediately pulled over. The driver was a middle aged Maori man. He was working, transporting high-end art and other expensive objects in this unmarked white van, which was actually alarmed and couldn’t be left out of sight. It was slightly hard to believe, but we really did go to a museum and I helped him by periodically checking on the van and unloading some paintings at the back gate. He knew all about the large public artworks around the city and had stories of how he’d packed and delivered them all. He also had stories of working for millionaire collectors who would fly him in their helicopters to install artworks on their private islands, stories of how to look after $60,000 crates of wine, and of being the innoccent intermediary (never a spy) between feuding galleries.

As we were discussing where I could pick up my next lift, he announced he had a one chance offer – I could spend the night at the hotel he was staying at (no ulterior motive he promised) and it would be paid for by his business. It meant having to go in the opposite direction down to Rotorua, but he was heading up to Auckland anyway and would be able to take me right the way there. It was a very tempting offer.

Rotorua is the centre of geothermal activity in New Zealand so the whole place stinks, and in the public gardens there are lots of pools of steaming, bubbling water and mud. It was very atmospheric and felt quite healthy. We arrived at the hotel, and it turned out to be a 5 star spa resort. I had my own suite and personal spa, with complementary bottle of wine. We had an expensive takeaway for dinner and some excellent New Zealand Sauvignon Blanc and Pinot Noir. The following morning I went for a morning swim in the pool, sat in my dressing gown in the sunshine drinking coffee and reading the newspaper, and then went out for a very fancy brunch (the most delicious eggs florentine) – all paid for by the business of course.  I was dropped off right in the centre of Auckland, and I checked into my hostel where the bed was unmade and only a brown, stained pillow sat on the bed, pipes gurgled all across the ceiling, and overloaded extension cables were strewn across the beds and floor.

So that was the end of hitchiking, and I’m glad it was because it really couldn’t have got any better than that.

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Motueka

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Maori legend tells of the great ancestors arriving in Aotearoa/New Zealand from Polynesia by canoe.  Over 1200 years later, I’m sitting in the kitchen of a family descended from Uruao, the first man to settle in the city of Nelson. Opposite me sits a large, dark-skinned woman with an intricate tattoo covering her right arm. Her grey hair is pulled back into a loose bun, and she would be the epitome of the kindly grandmother were it not for the fiery words being spat out. She is describing the confiscation of her iwi’s (tribe) sacred land by the Church of England, which used it to build an orphanage where ‘malnourished’ Maori children (including her father) would be brought. Twenty years ago, seeing the land finally returning to the iwi, the former pupils, now white-haired, wept. Today the orphanage is rumoured to be haunted with the sound of children crying.

She goes on to describe how her father fought in the First World War, but, unlike other pakeha (non-Maori) soldiers, received no farmland on his return. The kitchen in which I am sitting is his family land, handed through the generations. It is reasonably large, but houses three families. Outside, everyone’s children (with Maori names like ‘Tane’, which translates as ‘god of the forest’) play among the chickens and orchards.

The matriarch of this family is feisty, astute and wicked. She’s married to a European and says this is the only way to beat the white man. They continually shout at each other (‘why you looking at me like that?’), but say that the only way to deal with differences and problems is to talk about them – and they really can talk.

She explains the work she does for the iwi as a board member: after the establishment of a special body in 1995 to deal with Treaty of Waitangi claims, the various iwis put forward their claims for land, repeatedly. Eventually, land began to return to their iwi, piece by piece. Not always the same land, not always good land, but still land. I start getting lost when she goes into details of leases and commercial redress. Once they received this land, they created an iwi incorporation to manage it: a financial, commercial arm of their work funds the other cultural and social arms of the trust. The Maori board members are businessmen and lawyers, and work hard to earn money. Some of the trusts are enormously wealthy, but this one is relatively small – worth a mere $250 million. She describes how the trust gets phone calls from pakeha outraged that their elderly parents now have to pay thousands of dollars for their leases when previously they only paid a few dollars a year. The trust is sympathetic, but it’s not their concern: the commercial arm must operate commercially if it is to survive. It’s harsh, but I can’t argue without bringing up the obvious hypocrisy.

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I was taken to the Marae, the tribal meeting ground, and was formally welcomed alongside a group of visitors sent by the government to discuss proposals for a new Maori Land Service. The ceremony was all in Maori and I was pulled through it by holding hands with another woman. We entered and sat on one side of the room. The chair opened the meeting and a man got up to introduce us, after which the women of the local iwi stood and sang. Then someone from the visitors got up and said something, and the women in our group stood and sang. The welcome closed with a prayer, an envelope was surreptitiously handed around the room with money from the visitors, and we were greeted with the hongi, an exchange of the breath of life by touching nose with nose. We drank and ate, and then the real business of the hui (meeting) began. Although everyone could speak Maori, they clearly found it easier to speak in English.

The proposal presented to unify all Maori land services into a single entity is a good one in principle, but the details are controversial, to say the least. Everyone spoke, very articulately, and we broke into smaller groups to discuss specific scenarios. It felt entirely democratic – the way politics should be. Except that all the suggestions were rejected (it couldn’t be government run, and it couldn’t be run be current Maori organisations) and no one could come up with any better suggestions – they just refused to choose between two unlikeable options. The poor man in charge was left with nothing positive. But it didn’t help that he was who’d had to reveal that the iwi chiefs had met and agreed on one proposal without consulting or informing anyone else, which put everyone in a bad mood. The whole discussion and situation was extremely hard to follow, especially with all the Maori words and acronyms, and without understanding the tensions between groups, trusts, tribes, families and personalities, and all their histories. Yet the atmosphere was warm and open, and the discussions were practical and very engaged.

At the end, in typical Maori fashion, we drove the man leading the discussion back to our house because he was the estranged husband of the matriarch’s sister, and father to the troublesome niece who was now being tamed by boarding school. The next morning I was told in great detail  about his lurid love life and bitter divorce.

The six days I spent living with the family was great fun, and eye-opening. They were incredibly friendly but formidable: intelligent, clued up, resourceful, passionate, and relentless. The way they’re ruthlessly pursuing their agenda, training their own armies of lawyers and businessmen to fight from within, and completely integrating European and Maori values, is undeniably impressive. Since that week I’ve met and talked to other Maoris who tell slightly different stories. This is just one I experienced and was moved by.

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I wasn’t allowed to take photos of the marae. These photos were taken in Rotorua, Auckland and on my walks.

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