Russia to Mongolia

Having strayed 590 km from the Trans-Mongolian railway, I now had to cross the border in Altai. I knew it could be done, and I’d heard there was a bus – perhaps there is, but I never saw it.

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I took a shared taxi for the 460 km journey along the Chutsky Trakt from Gorno-Altaisk to Kosh Agach, a spectacular drive through snowy mountains and green valleys. My passengers were Russians, I gathered,  but they looked very turkic and I simply could not understand what they were saying. Almost as soon as we had set off, one woman got out her vodka bottle and we stopped off to open up a shop for a plastic cup. Every time she drained the glass she would crumple it in her hand, more vodka spilling down her chin than her throat. A few comments were made sniggeringly and it was a struggle to keep her from sleeping on top of other passengers, but everyone was very helpful, opening the bottle for her, stopping at a river so she could clean herself, finding a shop for more vodka.

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We passed the traditional hexagonal wooden houses of Altai, and more and more horses. Up we climbed through rocky passes, and then suddenly the forest and mountains stopped, everything turned brown, and we were on the plains.

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Kosh Agach has a wild west feeling, more the end of Russia than the beginning of central Asia. The driver dropped me off at a cheap and depressing hotel (I felt very proud of myself for winning the argument over the price of a room), and I looked for a cafe for dinner. The cafes were either padlocked or their roofs had fallen in. One was open, but when I stepped inside the crowd stared and switched off the music. The cafe was closed someone said. Eventually I found somewhere with two items on the
menu.

The next morning I got up early to catch the bus, but realised it was better to hitchhike than wait for a bus that I couldn’t trust would ever come. Lots of vehicles stopped for me, but when I mentioned Tashanta, the border village, they either shook their heads vigorously or asked for absurd quantities of money. They all wanted to know if I was alone and if I was scared. The best response, I found, was to stay silent and shrug my shoulders with a very slight smile. Eventually I got a lift at a sensible price (Are you married? Why not? Do you want children?).

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As I walked towards the border post I was stopped by two men in the road who asked for my passport and visa registration, and who told me to wait there for a car. The road was empty. Every 5 minutes or so some vehicle would come by, usually completely packed. After an hour, a man with a briefcase came over to chat and apologised for not having space for me, but gave me the name and phone number of a hotel in Olgii. A jeep stopped to tell me a Russian car was 5 minutes behind (no further explanation), but it never appeared. At last, a lorry stopped and took me through the gates.

Cars were stripped, lorries opened and jumped on, bags were searched, and everyone had to stand outside in the cold. For some reason I was allowed to remain in the lorry with the string of naked women and icons and watch everything happen. Another guard came to inspect my papers and practice his English.

Suddenly the lorry driver came running over clapping his hands and threw out my luggage, telling me to go to passport control. The woman there peered down her glasses at me and asked in another official. What was the purpose of my trip to Russia? I had a business visa and hadn’t a clue how far I was supposed to go along with this pretense. I ditheringly concocted a semi-plausible explanation about doing some work in St Petersburg (matters were complicated by my falsified visa registration claiming I’d spent a month there) and tried to explain I didn’t actually work for a business. What kind of work? I decided I could pass for an art historian doing research, but he didn’t understand. In retrospect, I should have said I was an administrator and just appealed to Russia’s noble administrative history. Where have you been in Russia? When? Who did you stay with? How did you meet them? What is the purpose of your trip to Mongolia? Where are you going after Mongolia? Do you want to come to Russia again (when? with his attitude, no!)? He whispered something about travelling to the woman – I’m sure he saw through everything – and left. Another official came in and together they went through every detail of my inviting business, and then the woman abruptly stamped and returned my passport with a beaming smile.

Back in the lorry, we were allowed to pass through into the 30km of no man’s land. It began to snow as we crawled along, the driver pointing out all the marmots running down holes. We reached a locked gate and a small sign with the Mongolian flag, and honked the horn to summon a guard to open the gate for us.  On reaching the Mongolian border point, an immigration officer came up to me (now I was just a travelling student) and showed me up a staircase dripping with icicles and gave me an immigration form, even helping to fill it in for me (and overlooking my making up a host address in Ulaanbaatar). Then after asking about London, he told me his name, gave me his phone number, and told me I could take a lift to Olgii with him when he finished work in an hour. But the entire time I couldn’t quite see beyond the tufts of black hair coming out his nostrils. At that point the man with the briefcase reappeared and had clearly made some arrangement with the lorry driver, and I followed him into a jeep. The whole border crossing took 7 hours.

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The Kazakh couple whose jeep it was drove just around the corner to a cafe for tea and buuz (steamed mutton dumplings). Out of a hatch leant a lady in a bright blue plastic hat, and they were all extremely friendly. But unable to take part in any meaningful conversation, I went outside to the toilet (a wooden floor with a plank missing – not even a nicely shaped hole! How luxurious Russian toilets were) and then chased a little girl around the car.  The ladies in the cafe refused any payment.

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We arrived in Olgii late in the evening and I was passed to another car waiting on the road, inside which was a carefully manicured young woman with beautiful English. We drove off down a side street and turned into a courtyard with a ger and a flat-roofed, single storey, white, concrete house. They accepted my Roubles, and I was taken into the ger (just a tourist ger) for milky tea. Around midnight, another plate of buuz appeared.

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I spent two nights in Olgii with this Kazakh family. My attempts at getting them to teach me Mongolian were useless – the guidebook describes this region as the best preserved area of Kazakh culture. They spoke Kazakh, ate Kazakh food, taught Kazakh at school, went to the mosque, shopped at the bazaar, which sells everything from ger fabric to chewing gum, kept themselves clean and took off their shoes indoors.  Cows wandered the streets and alleyways, a car drove past with a dead sheep tied to the back, a herd of horses was driven through the centre. The sky was full of eagles: this is the home of eagle hunting, though I didn’t get to see any. Every time I walked through the streets people would stare and shout ‘hello!’ or ‘I love you!’. On the roofs of the houses lay piles of drying dung.

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A short walk along the main road took me onto the steppe for the first time. It was littered with animal bones and plastic bottles.

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It continued to snow and I sat inside with the Russian man with a briefcase, eating the extraordinarily tasty soft creamy butter. He had two tonnes of Altai honey stuck at the Russian border, and we waited out the snow together.

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Altai

I and my Red Bench housemate Sylvester, a Russian-speaking, philosophising French poet (undertaking a very feeble attempt to stop smoking in an effort to remove superficial, inessential things from his life), were persuaded to go and volunteer in the Altai Republic. The Altai mountain range extends across southern Siberia, China, Kazakhstan and Mongolia. It is one of the poorest parts of Russia, has no railway, and is only just opening up to tourists.

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Since Sylvester’s budget for three years is almost the same as mine for three months, spending money was not really an option. Instead we hitchiked and spent three days walking along roadsides, picking up lifts in dark gleaming cars and rusted vans with no seats, also picking up the occasional old man in need of a chat.

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The first evening we were dropped twelve kilometres outside the city of Barnaul and went to stay with a couple, Anton and Liza, friends of a friend of Red Bench. They live in one room on the sixteenth floor of a new turquoise apartment block; they have a tiny bathroom without a door, and the flat’s one tap is in the bath. We were shown their belongings, which included a bazuka, blueprints for a nuclear bunker from 1984, and a mentos tube containing seven and a half years’ worth of toenail clippings. After dinner, we all trooped to Anton’s mother’s flat in the next door block, where we sat on the balcony, smoking and drinking tea, and then were taken to another flat where we were expected to wash.

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We drank beer and ate salted fish until midnight when a friend arrived to take us for a drive. She turned up the music until the bass thumped through the entire street, and we tore up and down Prospekt Lenina. ‘What can we show someone from London?’ asked Liza. Administrative buildings, broken fountains, an illegal brothel, gangs of gopniks (‘the Russian equivalent of chavs’), and more administrative buildings. Ten litres of beer and several trips to alleyways later, we returned home, crammed into the bathroom for a final cigarette, and pulled out the bedding and briefly slept.

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The next morning, after a long search for wellington boots without heels, and after a breakfast identical to the previous two dinners, we set off towards the River Ob. A warm wind howled and blew furiously – it was wonderful. To begin with we didn’t have much luck hitchiking, since we hadn’t got the right pose  and it looked like we were selling things, but by 10pm we finally made it to Gorno-Altaisk, capital of the Altai republic. A cafe full of Turkic Altai faces was still open, so we hung around until closing time. Then we wandered through the pitch black streets until it started to rain, and took shelter under the porch of a shop. Out came the sleeping bags again and we stared at the crossroads, where a smiling politician gazed down on us; a tree, lit up by traffic lights, had turned into a clown-faced Pinnochio, gobbling and chattering in the wind.

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Drunk men would walk past, stop, stare at us in a confused way and hesitate, before walking away or staggering forward. I had some sense of self-preservation, but Sylvester was perfectly happy to sleep; when needed he would politely explain that we had no money and give them directions to the bus station, while I tried desperately hard to stop myself laughing out loud. As the people began to disappear, I was left with only the wind and the ever more animated and cheerful Pinnochio. Gradually it grew light and the outlines of mountain appeared through the cloud. We set off at 5am, just as the drunk men started returning, and were soon picked up by a Ukranian man late for work. He invited us to his garage for Israeli coffee, we were introduced to his father-in-law, and discovering his shop had no electricity, he took us home. Sweet strong coffee couldn’t have come at a better time.

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We passed through smaller and smaller villages, the cars getting fewer and fewer, until our final lift to the village at the end of Lake Teletskoe. The couple was silent and the wife looked especially glum. ‘It’s a dump’ was the only thing they had to say about the village. When we arrived it was just beginning to rain, and we sat in a cafe for three hours watching wild horses graze outside as it switched rapidly between sunshine and thunder and hail.

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At last a small boat sped towards us, and we rode back across the lake for an hour until we reached a small peninsula, hidden behind which was a little jetty and a cluster of wooden houses at the foot of the mountain. It was a tourist eco-village that takes on a few volunteers alongside the summer staff. And it was paradise: only mountain behind and lake in front.

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Lake Teletskoe means Golden Lake, and is one of the largest freshwater lakes in Russia; its water is sacred to the Altai people, but more recently has acquired New Age fame as being the gate to Shambala. The air is pure and the water is completely clear. Every morning I drink and wash in the stream which runs down from our waterfall. All you can see is forest, a few snowy mountain peaks in the distance, and water. We live in a small attic room above the banya, so every evening the rooms fill with the smell of birch. Glancing into someone else’s room, I saw animal skulls, knots of driftwood, crystal rocks and stones from the lake, and the wall was hung with rifles. All I have to do for this is hammer a few nails into decorative rope or peel some potatoes.

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But there is nowhere to go: we are stuck on this little peninsula, the steep mountain behind forming an enormous wall that is impossible to walk or climb. I can’t help thinking it is just like an earthly paradise. Or perhaps it’s more like purgatory. Having crossed the great lake we walk through the forest, and returning, we remove every piece of clothing and inspect ourselves for ticks. This allows for a healthy dose of daily introspection.

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It’s not a question of whether you have any ticks, but how many are on you, have you been bitten (do you want to go to hospital or risk it), and are there any still on you. I have been bitten at least once, and the following 72 hours were spent in a mild panic and state of hypertension. But I didn’t die and I didn’t go mad. Though I’m not quite sure how I would know if I had gone mad or how anyone else would know. In fact, just the paranoia about ticks is enough to drive anyone mad.

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Zavyalovo

Tiny flowers and huge clouds of mosquitoes mark the arrival of summer. Already it is too hot, but it is still snowing. I find this weather extremely confusing.

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Little has happened, but we do now have a primitive running water system! The cows go off every morning, goats roam the streets, and the forest is full of birdsong. One house in the village still flies a ragged hammer and sickle. I have seen a man suddenly pull down his trousers to pick off a tick, and another man showed me a small plastic bag in which he was storing ticks until the evening fire when he could burn them.

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Red Bench celebrated its first birthday for the second year. I couldn’t quite work out why, but it was probably a branding exercise (see my videos below…). I went cycling through the forest (not the real wild taiga though according to the pale northern hippies) and cartwheeled, and went and helped in the village bakery. But in my excitement I fell off the bike and sprained my arm.

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In the evening of the birthday, we took the red 60s hippy bus to the lake, all sitting cross-legged on the floor. We set fire to the driftwood and listened to psychedelic trance until the children started screaming to go home at 3am. It was cold and boring and my arm really hurt, but I did get to hear some amazing throat singing.

I am now abandoning the trans-Siberian route to go to the sacred waters and mountains of Altai.

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Siberia

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Zavyalovo is a large village in Western Siberia two hours from Novosibirsk.  I arrived by bus with two German students also heading for the same place. We crammed onto a bus which was already full, but more and more kept squeezing on so that by the time we set off along the bumpy track, we were all awkwardly hanging in each other’s faces, breathing in an alcoholic air. Everyone looked old and had large hands and fat fingers, and even the teenagers had furrowed brows.

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We arrived at Red Bench, a set up describing itself online as a ‘family project’, which turned out to be more family than project. Three year old Vera, all curls and brown face, showed us around the ramshackled collection of wooden huts and outbuildings, and we were then taken into the yurt for lunch. Dreadlocked Dima, Vera’s father, put on some music (my heart sank when I heard the tuneless sounds pumping out of the speakers) and with a sad smile he talked about the village’s dislike of hippies.

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We guests have a little wooden house of our own, no running water but a very effective stove, thick walls and doors padded with quilts. The kitchen has a small old fashioned wooden sink that you fill up from an electric pump outside; it empties into a bucket which must then be emptied into the toilet, a rather nice squatting hole housed in what looks like a brightly coloured chicken house.Every night we water the seedlings on the window sills, brush the earwigs off our clothes and beds, and check ourselves for ticks.

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The village has a tarmacked main road, but is otherwise a sprawling mass of wooden buildings. Of chief importance among these, especially in winter, is the banya: ‘No, we don’t have shower, we have BANYA’  said Alya (mother and manager of Red Bench), as though mentioning something sacred. It is a small wooden hut with two rooms; in the larger one is a stove to heat a large vat of water which fills the room with steam. You go in and lie down on the wooden bench and soon begin sweating, the air so thick and fragrant with pine and birch it can be difficult to breathe, and you just relax. The ritual is supposed to include being beaten with branches of birch, but I haven’t tried this yet. When it all gets too much, you splash yourself with cold water and go into the other room to cool down, or better still, outside to rub yourself in snow. It is such a warming, relaxing, cleansing experience,  I don’t know how I will possibly be able to go back to showers!

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We are supposed to be fed here, but people are poor, life is tough , there isn’t much food. We eat leaves from the garden for lunch – dandelion, nettles, chives, rhubarb (or some non-poisonous version). Vera and I wander around the garden eating all the weeds, spitting them out if they taste inedible or poisonous. And we mustn’t be too enthusiastic in our weeding of the fruit bushes or there won’t be enough to eat.

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However, aside from tinned peas and beans, the food is nearly always excellent – warm milk from the cow next door, a neighbours eggs, a friend’s sourdough bread. Best of all is the honey – thick, dark, flowery honey from the Altai mountains, and there is an entire milk churn of it. It has become a drug.

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This is the time of year for birch juice. You tap a hole in the trunk, stick a straw in, hang a bottle underneath, and by the end of the day you have a few litres. It is very refreshing, slightly sweet, but doesn’t keep well, so at the moment we are turning the leftover into kvas.

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To begin with our work was to clear the field. It was satisfying, idyllic, pastoral work,  where we could break for birch juice by the river as the birds of prey flew low overhead. But we’re not allowed to work too hard (‘it’s not our way here’). Each day we have a nominal job, like weeding or cooking or babysitting, and then we have leisure time for as long as the children aren’t screaming.

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Just before midnight at Easter, I went to the small village church which was completely packed. I squeezed in and stood listening to the choir of village women warbling in a rather lovely way as the priests intoned. A group of men carrying processional icons and loaves of bread gathered at the back, and we all poured out into the starry night carrying candles, bells ringing, and we walked around the church singing. We re-entered and the Easter liturgy began. At some point I decided I had had enough, but just at that moment an old lady came up with a skirt for me to wear, saying it was a holiday and insisting I stay with such a kind smile I couldn’t leave. When the women rushed forward for the eucharist, arms crossed on their chests, I realised I knew them from the bus.

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Once we had all kissed the silver cross and the priest’s sleeve, benches suddenly appeared in the middle of the church and everyone brought out their Easter food – homemade kullichs and paschas decorated with lit candles, painted eggs, even chocolate eggs, loaves of bread and sweet buns. We and all the food were sprinkled with holy water and everyone shouted the Easter responses, looking so happy, and then everything was packed away as quickly as it had appeared, and we went out into the early morning light.

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We were allowed the day off work, so we lay outside under the perfect blue sky. Later, we drove cross-country to Zavyalovo lake for an Easter picnic, past beaver’s dens, birch forests and taiga . They say Russian cars are built for Russian roads, but even this track was too much when we came to one particularly deep ditch. So our driver got out, picked up a tree trunk, dropped it in the dip, jumped on it to smash it into pieces, filled the dip, and drove over it – all in under a minute. We finally reached the lake, which is small by Russian standards, but is 100 km wide and is called a sea. Until the mountain snow melts, the lake is emptier than usual, revealing long beaches and enormous trunks of driftwood

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The next day it snowed. I and my new French housemate retreated indoors to the fire, but the Russian men just lit the banya and went fishing – it’s the best time to go: no mosquites and no ticks. But it turns out that part of the river has no fish.

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Moscow to Novosibirsk

I arrived early for the 48 hour train journey to Novosibirsk and waited on the platform with a line of grannies whose wiry grey hair was stuffed into headscarves and their mounds of plastic bags tied tightly with string. The door of the train finally opened and the provodnik stepped out, carefully inspected our passports, ticked our names off his list, and slowly, one by one, let us board.

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A 3rd class platskart carriage has 54 bunks arranged in groups of 6, with an open corridor the whole way down. At either end is a toilet which opens straight onto the track, and a metal sink with taps that only drip orange water from rusty screws. By the provodnik‘s compartment at one end is the samovar for everyone’s tea needs, and he will lend out cups and cutlery or sell crosswords and pot noodles.

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This is what the Trans-Siberian Handbook has to say about my seat: “Avoid berth No 38 at the toilet/smoking area end of the carriage like the proverbial plague.” But I found it a rather convenient spot, off the tea route and with good access to extra windows. It was an upper bunk bed in the corridor, just below the luggage rack and with enough room to raise your head and squeeze in, but not enough to actually sit up.

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To begin with I sat by a group of bored soldiers, hair trimmed to reveal every pimple on their scalps and yawning their whole journey. I made sure to be interested in the landscape outside. Hour after hour of the same forests and lines of silver birch, with the occasional village, swamp and freight train, made it feel as though the train wasn’t moving anywhere.

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After the soldiers came an inquisitive man who, on discovering I was English, announced this to everyone nearby, who all nodded wisely. We chatted, as far as my Russian allowed, about the standard train journey topics of conversation: where are you from, do you like sport, what do you think of Russia, what’s London like, where are you going, how much is it costing you? By the first evening, the men were miming all the Australian animals they could think of.

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The following morning I woke up to find Russia’s new national kickboxing champion sleeping in the berth below me. Opposite us were his trainer and father, and the usual conversation took place. Then the champion’s father phoned up his nephew who spoke English and passed the phone over to me: he was in the middle of working out (it was mid-morning for us but 2.30pm for him, wherever in Russia that placed him) and his shoulder ached, but he wanted to know if I actually was who I said I was. When I had convinced him that I really was English, he told me all about his wedding and how he had enjoyed it so much he wanted to get married again.

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A few more rainy hours of forest later and I suddenly heard unmistakeably English voices boarding the train. They turned out to be students from Kazan on holiday. By this time the kickboxing champion and his gaggle of adolescent fans had plucked up courage to ask questions (the usual), and then we all started listing as many Garry Potter characters as possible. New Russian names appeared such as Neville Longotton and Bezgolovina Nick, and I was, to general astonishment and ridicule, able to produce Bertie Botts Every Flavour Beans. Afterwards, it was the Russians’ turn to teach us a card game which only the Russians seemed to understand, and so each English player picked up a Russian assistant to play their hand for them.

And somewhere outside in the black night, we passed the tall white pillar marking our entry into Siberia.

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Next morning, a young woman who had boarded the train with her children the day before invited me to share her table. She began, shyly, to make conversation in surprisingly good English. She had come from Bishkek where she lived with her Kyrgyz husband and was going home to Yakutsk, where her parents had moved decades ago to work in the diamond mines. Her whole journey was 6 days, with a three year old and six month old baby. We chatted about yoga, I showed her photographs of Europe, and she gave me kurut, a traditional Kyrgz salted milk snack which looked like a bonbon but which tasted surprisingly pleasant. She was 23, and told me about wanting to visit the Kyrgz mountains and travel, but just looked at her children and shrugged. I agreed to come and visit her in Kyrgzstan, and we would see the country together.

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The train passed through the Barbara Steppe, hundreds of kilometres of swampy ground interspersed with patches of trees. At a station in the middle, I stepped off the train and bought a smoked fish from the ladies on the platform, who carried them strung by their eyes on a kind of metal coat hanger.

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At last, we arrived at Novosibirsk, the capital of Siberia and one of Russia’s most industrial cities. I said my farewells to the train and made my way to suburban hippy land, a foretaste of my life in a Siberian village I think.

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Moscow

The train from St Petersburg to Moscow served as good practice for the Trans-Mongolian, though next time I won’t have the luxury of a four-person compartment. We travelled past forest in a straight line for nine hours.

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Whereas St Petersburg is the cultural heart of Russia (so I was told), Moscow is the financial heart – and you can feel the difference. Moscow is not pretty or particularly beautiful, though there are few nice streets and squares, but it does have certain buildings that stand out. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, for instance, is a spectacularly grim tower.

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Everyone morning I pass the walls of the Kremlin and see dark cars entering or leaving, and with the souvenir shops selling mugs and t-shirts with Putin’s face on, I feel myself drawn into the Putin cult. A rather sombre counterpoint to this is the great shrine to Boris Nemtsov on the bridge where he was killed. It was something of a surpise then when I went inside the Kremlin, and it didn’t feel like we were anywhere near the political heart.

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The armoury is a treasure chest – coronation robes, the real Monomakh’s cap with sable fur and gold filigree, huge ornate wooden carriages the size of lorries, and faberge eggs (including one of the trans-siberian railway!).

The main attractions were the icons and churches. There were some extraordinary ones, many of them famous, and with wonderful names – the Saviour of the Fiery Eye, the Saviour of the Fierce Eye, the Saviour Not Made With Hands, and my favourite, the Saviour with Golden Hair.

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Seeing Rublev’s icons was definitely the high point. They were beautifully simple, and sometimes on an enormous scale, and they have aged well – the colours haven’t really faded, and the tones haven’t been lost – it’s just a few fragments that have artfully flaked away. I went on a final trip to the Museum of the Russian Icon (which is free, “in order to encourage interest in the subject”, and is the consequently the only museum that has a decent toilet) and saw a ‘Master’ at work in his studio. He did some things slightly differently from what I’m used to, like adding vinegar to the egg mixture, then grinding the egg with the powder for up to 20 minutes, and then painting the gesso a pale brown before starting so that the bright white doesn’t affect the colours or the Master’s perception of them. And he preferred linseed oil to yacht varnish!

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St Basil’s Cathedral, the image of Moscow I suppose, is of course beautiful. Inside was not what I was expecting at all – it is a maze of thick frescoed walls, linking a lot of dark, smaller churches together into a warren. As I climbed the stairs, the sound of singing drifted down, and when I reached the top I saw a choir was singing and the whole church had stopped, completely entranced by this heavenly scene.

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Coming back down to cobbled earth, spring is at last arriving here. The leaves are nearly out, the fountains are being tested, and everything (everything) is being repainted. In fact, Moscow has pre-empted nature by creating an artificial spring: there are arches of plastic flowers in the squares, giant metal easter eggs with plastic butterflies, and in GUM (the state – now main – department store, famous for being expensive) there are cherry trees in blossom and bird song is piped through the speakers over opera singing while everyoone walks around eating ice cream.

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I am reading Master and Margarita and so went to Bulgakov’s house, where there is a tram slicing off the head of Berlioz and, rather alarmingly, a large black cat. I then thought it appropriate to go and read at Patriarch’s Pond, where the devil first appears. The spirit of the devil appears to still be there, because when I got up I realised that all the benches were still wet with paint and my bottom was now bright yellow. Everyone else had made the same mistake and was now trying to discreetly inspect their rears in shop windows. Over the next few days I saw several people in the street with smears of yellow paint.

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When I told my Moroccan dormitory neighbour about this, he shook his head and said that wasn’t the devil, and had I actually seen the devil? We then argued and watched numerous videos of exorcisms and people writhing around in agony as the Qur’an was read aloud. This was all in French, and my Russian has since been utterly confused. (I have also met some students from Chechnya, who explained what the various republics of Russia were, and a Belarussian student, who talked a great deal about life in Europe’s last dictatorship).

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The last part of Moscow I visited was VDNKh, or the Exhibition of the Achievements of the National Economy, which is now a kind of Soviet theme park. Among the hundreds of buildings, there are various temple-like structures dedicated to each of the Soviet Republics, a pavilion of Consumer Cooperation, and a Fountain of National Friendship. Music is played all day long, people go to rollerblade and eat ice cream, and thousands of people are employed to sweep the streets and polish the fountains. This crubling park may have inadvertantly succeeded in creating a happy Russia. But behind the main avenue are abandoned streets of bungalows, rotting buildings and bakeries, deserted honey shops, and suddenly it all seems slightly too sinister.

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I’ve enjoyed my week in Moscow. It’s a hipster (or as they say here, ‘gipster’) city, full of coffee shops, glossy 4x4s, policemen hanging around, people walking their dogs on hoverboards, children and tourists practising their goose stepping, Soviet souvenir shops and street signs that don’t even make sense to Muscovites. I’ve paid my respects to my literary heroes and made my pilgrimage to the icons I so wanted to see.

Moscow is eternally busy, a city for living in and doing things, for writing epic novels and organising revolutions. As a humble tourist, I feel welcome, but a little out of place.

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St Petersburg (II)

Just as I thought spring was coming and the sun was beginning to feel warm, it started snowing – proper Russian snow which blew horizontally and felt like it was cutting you with every flake. Suddenly the city was a white mist, and the guard uniforms and solid palace walls made a little more sense.

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My trip to the Peter and Paul Fortress was abandoned, though the snow certainly gave an edge to the Trubetskoy Bastion (where Dostoevsky, Trotsky and Gorky among thousands of others were imprisoned); I had been in danger of thinking the concrete cells looked reasaonably decent. Instead, I retreated to the metro and went to a rather more downmarket part of St Petersburg to visit the appartment where Dostoevsky lived for the last three years of his life. There were just six rooms, furnished as they had been during his lifetime. It was very simple, with a few little details about him as a person, like his love of shopping, and on the table in the main room was a cigarette box where his daughter had written “28th January. Today papa died.”

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The next day things were back to normal.

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I think I’ve only seen one really Russian church so far – the Church of our Saviour on Spilled Blood, with its splendid mosiac interior and shrine to where Alexander II was mortally wounded. Its infamous exterior, with its colourful onion domes and decorative brickwork, is so beautiful – I love the way it all bulges with life.

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However, mostly the churches here are famous for being unusual and baroque. These churches have grown on me the more of them I see. St Isaac’s Cathedral, which was briefly converted into a museum of atheism, has over 100kg of gold leaf, six enormous malachite columns, and two lapis lazuli columns that were infused with myrrh during construction. I have learned so much about marble and other stones over the past week! I think my favourite is the pink rhodonite from the Urals.

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In between visiting churches and pretty buildings, my command of the Russian language extends to directions and food, but not proper conversations. This clearly really annoys some people: on my final day I needed to use an internet cafe, but couldn’t work out how to say what I wanted in Russian and resorted to English. The man behind the desk pulled up Google translate and we typed out a comprehensible and reasonable exchange. Then when I got up to pay, he started typing a very long paragraph and showed it to me: it turned out to be a huge diatribe about you foreigners coming to our country expecting us to speak English when I just live at home and have never learned English and never will, etc….. I stared back at him not knowing what to do with this, and then must have smiled in bemusement because the next thing he typed was simply, “Your laughter disgusts me.” So I just walked off and that was the end of that!

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I said my farewell to St Petersburg by going to the post office for stamps. Apparently, none of the Russians in the hostel had really seen stamps before and they oohed and aahed at them very excitedly. After our obligatory goodbye photo for facebook, I left to catch the train to Moscow.

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I’ll miss the grand streets (though not the three miles of Nevsky Prospekt), all the palaces and lovely types of marble, and the endless feeling of being cultured. But luckily there’s still a lot more left to do for next time.

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St Petersburg (I)

The train from Helsinki to St Petersburg passed through more wintry forests and great frozen lakes. At the Russian border they brought the dogs onto the train and suddenly the guards were wearing fur hats; it was almost comically Russian, down to all the moody visa inspectors.

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I arrived at Findlyandsky Station, where Lenin arrived for the October Revolution, and I felt a strong sense of culture shock. After I had recovered I found my way into the metro: the escalator goes down and down, further than you can see, below the rivers and the marshy land. Once underground, the stations are beautiful; some stations are deep red with art nouveau brass fittings, others have chandeliers and crystal columns.

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My hostel is extremely friendly since it mostly houses young Russians who seem to have nowhere else to live, and tourists provide a great source of interest and entertainment. One resident is a dance instructor and so we are treated to rehearsals every evening. I have even acquired a new pair of polystyrene slippers.

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The first thing that struck me in St Petersburg was the terrible air and dirt, a mixture of car fumes, winter dust and smoking plastic from cigarettes dropped in dustbins. At this time of year, the never ending neoclassical buildings along Nevsky Prospekt are a rather delicate shade of dusty pastel pinks, greens and yellows. But the more time I spend here, the less I seem to notice the dirt, and the streets become more and more beautiful.

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The first thing I had to do was visit the Hermitage. I know everyone says it is enormous, but I hadn’t imagined just quite how enormous it could be. I wandered around for five hours and don’t think I saw the same room twice. By the end, I was still discovering throne rooms and halls that would easily have been star attractions anywhere else.

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There were rooms with twenty types of marble, a malachite room, one with gold leaf wallpaper. Rembrandt had his own hall. There were Siberian mummies, room after room of Buddhas, furniture made out of gnarled tree roots, this amazing gold peacock clock, and, my favourite, a room of ceremonial sledges.

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I’ve been doing all the usual tourist things, visiting galleries and buildings and prisons, so won’t bore you with them all. There is a lot of imperial magnificence that is elegant and impressive, and I have seen the double-headed eagle so many times I now find it rather frightening; one could almost forget there had ever been a revolution.

I wonder if the double-headed eagle symbol had anything to do with Peter I’s interest in human and animal deformities? One of the first museums ever built for the public in Russia is the Kunstammer, Peter’s collection of curiosities. There is a huge range of ethnographic material covering the native peoples of Siberia and North America, tribes in Africa (“all African women want to be fat”) and Indonesian warriors, but the main attraction is a scientific room full of bottled body parts and foetuses, and 18th century experiments in how to preserve in the most life-like way. It is fasinating and utterly grotesque.

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